Preventing HIV through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for Adolescent Boys and Men in Generalized HIV Epidemics: Enhancing Uptake of VMMC Among Adolescent Boys and Men at Higher Risk for HIV – Evidence and Case Studies

In this technical brief, the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a focused review of the evidence on methods for enhancing uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) among men and adolescent boys who are at higher risk of HIV acquisition through vaginal sex compared to the general male populations in their countries. The brief also documents approaches to operating under pandemic restrictions that may be useful to programmes as they restart or rescale their operations. It updates Chapter 5 of the WHO VMMC 2020 Guidelines, which summarised the evidence on methods for enhancing uptake among all men and boys.